Technique Feature Analysis Revisited: Enhancing Digital Game-Based Vocabulary Learning Design

Rasti-Behbahani, Amin; Mashhadi, Amir

doi:10.30466/ijltr.2026.56272.3050

Technique Feature Analysis Revisited: Enhancing Digital Game-Based Vocabulary Learning Design

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Amin Rasti-Behbahani ¹

Amir Mashhadi ²

¹ Center for Preparatory Studies (CPS), Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman

² Department of English Language and Literature, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

10.30466/ijltr.2026.56272.3050

Abstract

The technique feature analysis (TFA) checklist and digital game-based vocabulary learning (DGBVL) were introduced for enhancing incidental vocabulary learning (IVL) gains. However, TFA precision was found to be random owing to factors causing cognitive overload, especially in DGBVL activities. Therefore, this study aimed to revise TFA by examining the effect of cognitive load theory (CLT)-informed DGBVL activity design on IVL. CEFR A2-level Omani-Arabic speakers (N = 140) were randomly assigned to a control and three experimental groups, where they completed DGBVL activities with optimized intrinsic (IL), extraneous (EL), or germane (GL) cognitive load for learning 10 target words incidentally. Participants were tested immediately and three weeks later on 8 aspects of word knowledge. Results showed that the experimental groups outperformed, and the TFA checklist precision was enhanced, suggesting that CLT-informed designs were effective. Pedagogically, teachers, material developers, and researchers can use our enhanced TFA checklist for designing effective DGBVL activities.

Keywords

Digital Game-Based Vocabulary Learning (DGBVL)

incidental vocabulary learning

Technique Feature Analysis (TFA)

Cognitive Load Theory (CLT)

Involvement Load Hypothesis (ILH)

video games